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GRBs as standard candles: There is no 'circularity problem' (and there never was)

机译:GRB作为标准蜡烛:没有“循环问题”(并且存在   从来不是)

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摘要

The 2002 discovery of the "Amati Relation" of GRB spectra created thepossibility that this and other correlations of GRB phenomenology might be usedto make GRBs into standard candles. One recurring apparent difficulty with thisprogram has been that some of the primary observational quantities to be fit as"data" - the isotropic-equivalent prompt energy $E_{iso}$ and thecollimation-corrected "total" prompt energy energy $E_{\gamma}$ - depend fortheir construction on the very cosmological models that they are supposed tohelp constrain. This is the so-called "circularity problem" of standard candleGRBs. This paper is intended to point out that the circularity problem is notin fact a problem at all, except to the extent that it amounts to aself-inflicted wound. It arises essentially because of an unfortunate choice ofdata variables, such as $E_{iso}$, which are unnecessarily model-dependent. If,instead, the empirical correlations of GRB phenomenology which are formulatedin source-variables are {\it mapped to the primitive observational variables}(such as fluence) and compared to the observations in that space, then allcircularity disappears. I also indicate here a set of procedures for encodinghigh-dimensional empirical correlations in a "Gaussian Tube" smeared model thatincludes both the correlation and its intrinsic scatter, and how thatsource-variable model may easily be mapped to the space of primitiveobservables and fashioned into a likelihood. I discuss the projections of suchGaussian tubes into sub-spaces, which may be used to incorporate data from GRBevents that may lack some element of the data (for example, GRBs withoutascertained jet-break times). In this way, a large set of inhomogeneouslyobserved GRBs may be assimilated into a single analysis, so long as eachpossesses at least two correlated data attributes.
机译:2002年GRB光谱的“阿马蒂关系”的发现创造了可能性,即GRB现象学的这种和其他相关性可以用来使GRB成为标准蜡烛。该程序反复出现的一个明显的困难是,一些主要的观测量适合作为“数据”-各向同性等效瞬态能量$ E_ {iso} $和经准直校正的“总”瞬态能量$ E _ {\ gamma } $-根据其宇宙学模型(它们应该有助于约束)的构造而定。这就是标准CandleGRB的所谓“圆度问题”。本文旨在指出,圆度问题实际上根本不是问题,只是在一定程度上造成了自身伤害。出现这种情况的主要原因是不幸地选择了数据变量,例如$ E_ {iso} $,它们不必要地依赖于模型。相反,如果将源变量中制定的GRB现象学的经验相关性{映射到原始观测变量}(例如通量)并与该空间中的观测值进行比较,则所有圆度都消失了。我在这里还指出了一套用于在“高斯管”拖尾模型中编码高维经验相关性的过程,其中包括相关性及其内在散布,以及如何将源变量模型轻松地映射到原始可观察对象的空间并形成为可能性。我讨论了这种高斯管在子空间中的投影,这些投影可用于合并GRB事件中可能缺少数据元素的数据(例如,未确定喷射中断时间的GRB)。这样,只要每个人至少具有两个相关的数据属性,就可以将大量不均匀观察到的GRB吸收到一个分析中。

著录项

  • 作者

    Graziani, Carlo;

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  • 年度 2010
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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 {"code":"en","name":"English","id":9}
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